The Syrian government “must be held accountable” for crimes committed over the past decade, according to the Netherlands, which is leading the international action to bring President Bashar al Assad to justice.
In an exclusive interview, the Dutch foreign minister Stef Blok told Sky News he was now “more optimistic” about bringing a criminal case against the Syrian president, but admitted the process could take years.
He said walking away from legal action would give Syria “impunity” – and he promised to persevere for the sake of victims of torture and detention.
Stef Blok, the Netherland’s foreign minister, wants to hold the Syrian government to account
Sky News understands that the Metropolitan Police launched an investigation into President Assad’s wife, Asma al Assad, over claims she helped support and encourage terrorism.
The Dutch government holds a significant position within the realm of international justice.
Both the International Criminal Court and the International Court of Justice are located in the Netherlands, leading to a determination to support the courts in pursuing action against countries accused of war crimes.
Mr Blok, who has been the country’s foreign minister since 2018, has made little secret of his desire to hold the Syrian government responsible for “horrific crimes and gross violations of human rights”.
Six months ago, he opened legal proceedings against President Assad’s government, alleging breaches of the International Convention against Torture.
It remains probably the only chance for President Assad to face criminal action for alleged atrocities committed by the Syrian government over the past decade.
Russia and China have jointly vetoed any such challenge in the United Nations.
Now, the Dutch have been joined by Canada in pursuing allegations that the Syrian government allowed detainment and torture on an industrial scale.
And Mr Blok told Sky News that Syria has now said it is willing to open talks over resolving the complaint.
Syria’s President Bashar al Assad
Asked whether he is confident of holding the Syrian president responsible for causing so much pain, death and destruction over the past decade, Mr Blok said: “I am more optimistic because from the beginning the Netherlands was convinced we should take this step to hold the Syrian government accountable.
“Now we have been joined by Canada and Syria has confirmed it is willing to start talks.
“We feel we have a very fair case. Netherlands, Canada and Syria are all parties to the convention against torture, which means countries can hold each other accountable for violations.
“We expect other countries, who are party to this treaty, to react to our complaints and the Syrian government has done so.”
President Assad among troops
The next step will be negotiations, with the Dutch already pressing for political prisoners to be released, torture to be stopped, and compensation to be paid to victims.
It is an unlikely set of demands, although Mr Blok is keen to emphasise that he wants to pursue the diplomatic cycle before turning to the courts.
“We should tread carefully now,” he said. “We hold the Syrian government – and of course President Assad is the head of the government – accountable.
“That means we first have to start diplomatic negotiations with them and that is what we will do now. I cannot foretell the outcome but what I can say is that, if unfortunately, these talks do not end in the result I am hoping for – an end to the violations of the treaty and an end to the violence – an option is open to indeed go to court.”
The International Criminal Court, left, and the International Court of Justice, right, are both in the Netherlands.
Sky News put it to him that many people will argue that Syria is simply stringing out the process, with no intention of acceding to demands to stop detaining and torturing political opponents.
“It won’t be easy and, of course, cynicism is an easy way out but it’s a dead end street because then we would leave Syria with impunity,” he said.
“The Netherlands has been the proud home of the International Criminal Court and the International Court of Justice for years now, and we should take these courts seriously. I have to be optimistic and set the steps that we can take.”
Mr Blok is not an obvious human rights activist. A conservative politician with a reputation for tough decision-making, he was shocked when he first looked through documents detailing the trauma of Syria’s decade of conflict.
He addressed the UN Security Council and said that it had lost credibility due to its inability to protect the “ordinary people” of Syria.
The past decade has seen a large amount of conflict within Syria
Pursuing President Assad, and his ministers, feels less like a political move for Mr Blok, and more like a personal mission.
“There is an enormous amount of evidence,” he said. “We have statements by survivors, we have those terrible pictures that a lot of people have seen, we have eye witnesses.
“There is ample evidence to be used in a court of law. But first I want to have serious conversations with the Syrian government.”
As for the timescale – when asked, Mr Blok’s face briefly breaks into a pained grimace, before a shrug. Forcing change, or convicting President Assad, will not come quickly.
“The wheels of justice often grind slowly but they grind fine. So it might take a couple of years,” he says. “But we will persevere.”